Effect of H2O-Based Low-Pressure Plasma (LPP) Treatment on the Germination of Bambara Groundnut Seeds

In general, seed germination is improved by low-pressure plasma (LPP) treatment using precursors such as air, nitrogen, argon, or water (H2O). Here, H2O-based LPP the optimized parameters of 10 W and s improves Bambara groundnut seeds 22%. increases wettability roughness hilum while oxidizing surface with carboxyl amine groups. this seeds, combinatory etching chemical modification facilitated imbibition process increased percentage. The success method has potential to be scaled up solve food security otherwise facing germination-related issues.